Mark 9:14-23 (NIV)
14 When they came to the other disciples, they saw a large crowd around them and the teachers of the law arguing with them.
15 As soon as all the people saw Jesus, they were overwhelmed with wonder and ran to greet him.
16 “What are you arguing with them about?” he asked.
17 A man in the crowd answered, “Teacher, I brought you my son, who is possessed by a spirit that has robbed him of speech.
18 Whenever it seizes him, it throws him to the ground. He foams at the mouth, gnashes his teeth and becomes rigid. I asked your disciples to drive out the spirit, but they could not.”
On verses 14-23: At first in verse 19 it seems that Jesus is rebuking his disciples for their lack of faith. But in verse 23, Jesus turns his attention to the father’s apparent lack of faith (v23). The father’s words “If you can” suggest that the father did not have strong faith that Jesus could help his demon-possessed son. So when Jesus says in verse 19 “O unbelieving generation”, perhaps Jesus is not just referring to his disciples but also to those who would come to Jesus for help.
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Mark 9:1-2 (NIV)
1 And he said to them, “I tell you the truth, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the kingdom of God come with power.”
2 After six days Jesus took Peter, James and John with him and led them up a high mountain, where they were all alone. There he was transfigured before them.
On verses 1-2: It’s not too much of a stretch to say that when Jesus lived on earth, His glory was under cover, veiled by human flesh. For while Jesus came to the world revealing God’s glory, in some ways by being limited to a human form Jesus was also concealing God’s glory. For if Jesus came to us in all the glory that He had in heaven, we would not be able to take it. Like Moses who came down from Mount Sinai with a radiant face and at the people’s bidding had to cover himself with a veil, so Jesus’ heavenly glory would be too much for us to take on earth. That is why this scene that Mark 9 describes – the transfiguration of Jesus – is so precious. To transfigure means to change in appearance. Here, for a moment, God takes the cover off of Jesus’ glory and gives Peter, James and John a glimpse at the kind of glory Jesus had in heaven. John would see a vision of Jesus’ glory again later in life, which prompted him to write the book of Revelation.
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Mark 8:31-33 (NIV)
31 He then began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests and teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and after three days rise again.
32 He spoke plainly about this, and Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him.
33 But when Jesus turned and looked at his disciples, he rebuked Peter. “Get behind me, Satan!” he said. “You do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.”
On verses 31-33: Peter rebuked Jesus for talking about how Jesus must suffer many things, be rejected by the religious establishment, be killed and rise again after three days. So why did Jesus respond by saying “Get behind me, Satan”? It’s because Jesus knew that he had to (“must”) suffer and die. Jesus didn’t think Peter was Satan, but Jesus saw how Satan could use Peter’s words to distract Jesus from doing what the Father had called him to do.
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引言:有這樣一首非常獨特的聖歌:它可以被視為聖誕詩歌但卻不在聖誕到來之日頌唱;它有優美的歌詞和動人的曲調,但卻無人知其最初的作者;它的旋律保存著遙遠的中世紀修道院內吟唱《詩篇》時的淳樸古風,卻又承載了近代教會音樂發展歷史的變遷風雲;它的歌詞內容取材於舊約時代以色列民對彌賽亞來臨的殷切盼望,但更和耶穌誕生和神國子民期望耶穌早再臨直接相關。在當今的世界裏我們重溫這首歌具有特別重要的意義。它就是《以馬內利懇求降臨》(O come, O come, Emmanuel)。
我們先來看這首詩歌一個顯著特點。大家可能注意到在英文的歌詞中它的每一節開始都是從“O”開始,這就涉及到早期基督教詩歌吟唱風格中的“對唱”或“輪唱”,英文叫“O Antiphon”。據說還是保羅和巴拿巴曾經事奉過的那個安提阿教會,它的第三任主教聖依格那修(Saint Ignatius of Antioch)有一天看到兩個天使唱詩班對唱的異象,接著他就將這種方式引入到自己教堂的崇拜儀式之中,用於詩篇的頌唱。之後這種唱法逐漸傳開,先進入猶太社區的教堂,再傳入拜占庭和亞美尼亞教會,成為教堂敬拜禮儀中不可或缺的一部分;兩個多世紀之後又被羅馬教廷的教會接受,廣泛地應用在《格列高利聖詠》的制定之中。而《以馬內利懇求來臨》這首歌正是這種背景下的產物。
詩歌的節數在不同的版本中有所不同,但比較權威的是七節。它的每一節都是以“O come”(哦,降臨)開始,然後分別引出“以馬內利”(Emmanuel)、“上天聖智”(Wisdom on high)、“全能之主”(Lord of might)、“耶西之杖”(Rod of Jesse’s stem)“大衛之鑰”(Key of David)、“清晨日光”(Day—spring from on high)、和“萬邦之望”(Desire of nations)來作為各節的頌唱主語,進而展開下麵的具體內容。其中“上天聖智”對應“全能之主”,“耶西之杖”對應“大衛之鑰”,“清晨日光”對應“萬邦之望”,而開始的“以馬內利”則起領銜全詩的主導作用。這種結構的安排就是與“輪唱”和“對唱”所需的特點有關。
羅馬天主教教會大約是從九世紀開始將這首詩歌用於“降臨節”的彌撒敬拜。傳統的降臨節從每年耶誕節前的第四個主日開始,一直持續到平安夜前一日;在最後七天的晚禱中,要通過輪唱及應答方式頌唱七首讚美詩歌來等待平安夜的到來,然後再通過齊唱“聖母頌”(O Virgin of Virgin),以迎接主耶穌的誕生。《以馬內利懇求降臨》正是降臨節所必唱的一首詩歌。
我們先來介紹約翰·梅森·尼爾。尼爾出生於1818年的倫敦,成人後進入劍橋三一學院接受教育。到他畢業時,儘管因為數學方面能力不足而無法獲得榮譽學位,但卻憑在他詩歌領域所展現的傑出才華,成為11次收穫學校頒發的西頓尼亞宗教詩歌獎(The Seatonian Prize for Religious Poetry)的優秀學生 。畢業後尼爾曾在劍橋唐寧學院和幾家教堂擔任牧師,後成為薩克維爾學院的院長,並開始從事《東方教會史》的研究。期間他從拉丁語和希臘語翻譯了大量的古代和中世紀讚美詩,成為這一領域的領軍人物。評論家這樣稱讚他:“在英國教會中沒有任何一個人比他更熟悉拉丁、希臘、俄羅斯和敘利亞語讚美詩的悠久傳統。”在1875年出版的《古今讚美詩》詩集中,經由他翻譯成英文的外文詩歌就有58首之多。而這首拉丁語《以馬內利懇求降臨》就是經他翻譯發表在1851年出版的《中世紀聖詩和序列》(Medieval Hymns and Sequences)一書之中。
此時的英國教會對中世紀天主教“素歌”頌唱傳統風格的興趣日益濃厚,為此托馬斯也投入了大量的研究。“素歌”的傳統特點是純人聲、無伴奏;儘管它的旋律簡單,音階低窄,速度平緩,但它卻很適合拉丁語的抑揚頓挫的特點,又利於達到聖樂所特有的那種莊重、肅穆、敬虔、超脫的風格和特點,“素歌”(Plainchant/Plainsong)名稱即是由此而來。而托馬斯當時已成為英國這一領域的權威,他曾出版過《素歌入門》的專著,在引領當時英國聖公會“素歌”純唱的復興中發揮了重要作用。而我們今日所唱的這首《以馬內利懇求降臨》詩歌正是由這樣一位聖樂家根據十五世紀法國所流傳的原調,在完成了改編和整理之後發表在1854年出版的《讚美詩筆記二卷》(Hymnal Noted, Part II)上。
Mark 8:22-26 (NIV)
22 They came to Bethsaida, and some people brought a blind man and begged Jesus to touch him.
23 He took the blind man by the hand and led him outside the village. When he had spit on the man’s eyes and put his hands on him, Jesus asked, “Do you see anything?”
24 He looked up and said, “I see people; they look like trees walking around.”
25 Once more Jesus put his hands on the man’s eyes. Then his eyes were opened, his sight was restored, and he saw everything clearly.
26 Jesus sent him home, saying, “Don’t go into the village.”
On verses 22-26: I appreciate Mark’s honesty here. Here we have a case where it took not one but two touches from Jesus for this blind man to be healed. Some might see this as an embarrassing fact for Jesus. I don’t. To me there are some important lessons we can learn from this miracle:
– Sometimes the healing God wants us to experience does not have instantaneously but is a process that takes time.
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