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《聖經中各種審判》12 — 對埃及的審判 之七

上帝審判干犯人權之極權

上帝曾用洪水毀滅地上的活物,僅存留八個人,這是全世界第一次廣泛的審判,上帝應許以後不再用洪水毀滅世界,就以彩虹為記,與挪亞立約。耶穌再來時,白色大寶座的審判是用永遠的烈火來審判。上帝對埃及的審判,是對帝國的審判。當百姓受當權者逼迫,上帝憐憫受逼迫的百姓,聽見被奴役的以色列百姓的哀聲,就紀念與亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各所立的約,因而干預人的政權,行了神蹟,超自然的上帝干預自然,顯明祂是掌管宇宙萬物的上帝,是天地的主宰。自然界的規律為上帝所定,當人違背上帝的心意,超自然的上帝干預自然界的規律,顯明祂超越萬有的能力,干預政界的不公。

在埃及之前,有所多瑪、蛾摩拉被上帝毀滅,這是局部的區域被審判,然而埃及帝國國力強大的程度超越各國,甚至超越當時的中國,當時的中國還沒有建造最宏偉的建築,而埃及卻已經建造很大的金字塔,是四千年前已有的建築。中國的秦始皇於二千二百年前建立阿房宮【編按:阿房宮被譽為「天下第一宮」,是中國歷史上第一個統一多民族的中央集權國家——秦朝修建的新朝宮,始建於秦始皇三十五年(前212年),與萬里長城、秦始皇陵、秦直道並稱為「秦始皇的四大工程」】,被放火燒了九十天還沒有燒完,但阿房宮不高,也沒有雄偉的石碑與高塔,然而埃及的金字塔歷經風吹雨打的摧殘,仍有高一百五十多公尺的建築矗立在那,更何況是四千年前在沒有現代科技的輔助下,動用二十萬到四十萬名工人建成的。這些帝王的墳墓、皇宮的建造真是令人感到不可思議,是古代建築的典範,足見埃及是國力雄厚的帝國。

如此偉大的帝國,為什麼遭受上帝的審判呢?上帝對埃及的審判關係著人類宗教自由、神人關係的基本人權,因為上帝所賦予的政權不應濫用其權,隨意欺壓百姓。當政權用人為的方法控制人的宗教自由、神人關係,這是上帝所不喜悅的。上帝審判埃及,差遣摩西面見法老並逐次降下各種災難,法老總是剛硬著心,直等到第十大災難臨到埃及,法老才終於鬆手讓以色列人離去。

北國君王從撒迦利雅到比加

〈列王紀〉下 26:5通曉神默示撒迦利亞在世的時候,烏西雅定意尋求神,他尋求耶和華,神就使他亨通。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀〉下  15:1-12
〈歷代志〉下  26:1-23

猶大王:羅波安→亞比央→亞撒→約沙法→約蘭→亞哈謝→(亞她利雅)→約阿施→亞瑪謝→亞撒利雅(烏西雅)→約坦

以色列王:耶羅波安(一世)→拿答→巴沙→以拉→心利→暗利→亞哈→亞哈謝→約蘭→耶戶→約哈斯→約阿施→耶羅波安(二世)→撒迦利雅

就像耶羅波安二世一樣,猶大王亞撒利雅(烏西雅)登基後,也成了一個非常偉大的君王,在他的任內有許多輝煌的功績。亞撒利雅的意思是“我的幫助是耶和華”,烏西雅的意思是“我的力量是耶和華”,在他執政時,的確讓人看到神在猶大的作為,重新感受到神的祝福。但是也像歷代的猶大王,他們行眼和華眼中看為正的事,“只是”,總有一點美中不足,是神心裡的遺憾。這個“只是”讓我們感受到神何等希望去掉我們心中的“只是”,多麼希望我們能夠全然歸向祂,不要有“只是”的存在。只要有“只是”的存在,就有百姓還在丘壇獻祭燒香的事實,就有百姓還在祭祀偶像和假神。神要的不只是猶大王歸向祂,神要的是祂的子民都全然的歸回。

神希望的,是否就是猶大王能去拆除掉那些丘壇呢?因為有丘壇的存在,百姓就無法專心歸向神。我們心裡有沒有不屬於神的地方,我們的生活中有沒有“只是”的存在呢?神非常祝福亞撒利雅,因為他定意尋求神,神就使他亨通。他登基時才十六歲,可見從年輕時就定意尋求神,是何等地蒙福。

Israel Multiplies In Egypt

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Exodus 1:1-22.  Let’s go!

A. Israel’s affliction in Egypt.
1. (1-6) The twelve sons of Jacob who came into Egypt.

Now these are the names of the children of Israel who came to Egypt; each man and his household came with Jacob: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin; Dan, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. All those who were descendants of Jacob were seventy persons (for Joseph was in Egypt already). And Joseph died, all his brothers, and all that generation.

a. Now these are the names of the children of Israel who came to Egypt: The first verses of Exodus reach back some 430 years. The story of the Exodus begins where the story Genesis ends: a large family with a crucial place in God’s plan of the ages and their migration to Egypt.

i. The Hebrew title for the Book of Exodus is taken from its first words: And These are the Names Of. In the original language, the first word of Exodus is and, marking its continuity from the Genesis account.

Don’t Waste The Time

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Titus 3:9-15.  Let’s go!

Titus 3:9 (NIV) 
9  But avoid foolish controversies and genealogies and arguments and quarrels about the law, because these are unprofitable and useless.

On verse 9:   Whereas focusing on the Gospel is “excellent and profitable for everyone” (v8), quarreling with people who like to talk to cause trouble is “unprofitable and useless” (v9).   When read together, verses 8-9 are Paul saying to Titus:  Focus on what’s important.  Don’t waste your time on what’s not important. 
 
Titus 3:10-11 (NIV) 
10  Warn a divisive person once, and then warn him a second time. After that, have nothing to do with him. 
11  You may be sure that such a man is warped and sinful; he is self-condemned.

On verses 10-11:   Paul instructs Titus on how to deal with individuals who have a penchant for causing trouble and division in the church.  He tells Titus to “warn a divisive person once, and then warn them a second time.  After that, have nothing to do with them” (v10).  In other words, don’t waste too much time or energy on people who are bent on causing trouble and division.   

猶大王亞撒利雅(烏西雅)

〈列王紀〉下 26:5通曉神默示撒迦利亞在世的時候,烏西雅定意尋求神,他尋求耶和華,神就使他亨通。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀〉下  15:1-12
〈歷代志〉下  26:1-23

猶大王:羅波安→亞比央→亞撒→約沙法→約蘭→亞哈謝→(亞她利雅)→約阿施→亞瑪謝→亞撒利雅(烏西雅)→約坦

以色列王:耶羅波安(一世)→拿答→巴沙→以拉→心利→暗利→亞哈→亞哈謝→約蘭→耶戶→約哈斯→約阿施→耶羅波安(二世)→撒迦利雅

就像耶羅波安二世一樣,猶大王亞撒利雅(烏西雅)登基後,也成了一個非常偉大的君王,在他的任內有許多輝煌的功績。亞撒利雅的意思是“我的幫助是耶和華”,烏西雅的意思是“我的力量是耶和華”,在他執政時,的確讓人看到神在猶大的作為,重新感受到神的祝福。但是也像歷代的猶大王,他們行眼和華眼中看為正的事,“只是”,總有一點美中不足,是神心裡的遺憾。這個“只是”讓我們感受到神何等希望去掉我們心中的“只是”,多麼希望我們能夠全然歸向祂,不要有“只是”的存在。只要有“只是”的存在,就有百姓還在丘壇獻祭燒香的事實,就有百姓還在祭祀偶像和假神。神要的不只是猶大王歸向祂,神要的是祂的子民都全然的歸回。

神希望的,是否就是猶大王能去拆除掉那些丘壇呢?因為有丘壇的存在,百姓就無法專心歸向神。我們心裡有沒有不屬於神的地方,我們的生活中有沒有“只是”的存在呢?神非常祝福亞撒利雅,因為他定意尋求神,神就使他亨通。他登基時才十六歲,可見從年輕時就定意尋求神,是何等地蒙福。

亞撒雅對外征服了非利士人、阿拉伯人、米烏尼人和亞捫人,並且從亞捫人收取貢銀;他控制了南地,建立了一連串的“沙漠守望塔” (望樓),又在耶路撒冷的角門和城牆轉彎之處建築堅固的城樓,可以防守敵軍來襲。他喜悅農事,為牲畜挖了許多井,並設立農夫和修理葡萄園的人;他加強耶路撒冷的防禦工事,設計了機器用以射箭發石,裝備了最新進的防衛炮火,軍隊也被重組、重新裝備。神給亞撒利雅有各方面的智慧,使整個猶大國興旺富強。他的名聲就遠播至埃及。神給他有各方面的幫助,不僅賜他智慧,也賜給他各樣的人才,去成就他的心意。

Five Verses That Sum It All Up

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Titus 3:1-8.  Let’s go!

Titus 3:1-2 (NIV) 
1  Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good, 
2  to slander no one, to be peaceable and considerate, and to show true humility toward all men.

On verses 1-2:  One of the big themes of the book of Titus is that Christians are to lead by example as much as by their words.  In verses 1 and 2 Paul identifies several characteristics by which Christians can lead by example.   How well do you demonstrate these characteristics?  For example, are you law-abiding (v1)?  Are you quick and ready to do what is good (v1)?  Do you slander (speak maliciously about) no one (v2)?  Do you get along with others (“peaceable” – v2)?  Are you thoughtful and considerate in the way you treat others (v2)?   Do you show true humility to everyone you meet (v2)?  Which of these characteristics do you especially need to work on? 

耶羅波安二世

〈列王紀〉下 14:27 耶和華並沒有說要將以色列的名從天下塗抹,乃藉約阿施的兒子耶羅波安拯救他們。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀〉下  14:23-29

猶大王:羅波安→亞比央→亞撒→約沙法→約蘭→亞哈謝→(亞她利雅)→約阿施→亞瑪謝→亞撒利雅(烏西雅)

以色列王:耶羅波安(一世)→拿答→巴沙→以拉→心利→暗利→亞哈→亞哈謝→約蘭→耶戶→約哈斯→約阿施→耶羅波安(二世) →撒迦利雅

在談到耶羅波安二世時,不能不提到當時的背景,以及先知約拿。耶羅波安二世做王的時期約在主前793-753年,而亞述之前雖然有時強大有時衰落,在主前約900年時,變得空前強大。那西爾帕二世(主前883-859年)和沙爾馬納塞三世(主前839-824年)相繼征服了北部和南部的亞蘭(敘利亞)。在約哈斯做王時(主前814-798),因為他帶領百姓繼續拜金牛犢,因此神屢次把以色列人交在亞蘭王哈薛和他兒子便哈達的手裡。後來約哈斯懇求耶和華,耶和華就給以色列人一位拯救者,使他們脫離亞蘭人的手,讓以色列人仍舊安居在家裡。這位拯救者是誰?就是亞述王亞大得尼拉力三世。

有塊亞述石碑在米索不達米亞北部的 Tell Rimah 出土,記載亞述王亞大得尼拉力三世在(主前805-802)曾有對抗敘利亞之役,他攻擊亞蘭,使他們一蹶不振,無力再與以色列作對。在這塊石碑中記載了當時向他進貢的統治者中,包括“撒瑪利亞約阿施”。

亞瑪謝和約阿施

〈列王紀〉下14:7 亞瑪謝在鹽谷殺了以東人一萬,又攻取了西拉,改名叫約帖,直到今日。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀〉下  14:1-22

猶大王:羅波安→亞比央→亞撒→約沙法→約蘭→亞哈謝→(亞她利雅)→約阿施→亞瑪謝→亞撒利雅(烏西雅)

以色列王:耶羅波安(一世)→拿答→巴沙→以拉→心利→暗利→亞哈→亞哈謝→約蘭→耶戶→約哈斯→約阿施→耶羅波安(二世) →撒迦利雅

猶大王約阿施不顧耶和耶大救他和撫育他長大成人的情份,叫人用石頭打死了耶和耶大的兒子祭司撒迦利亞,當他患重病在床時,他的臣僕背叛他,為撒迦利亞報仇,把他殺死在床上。約阿施死後,他的兒子亞瑪謝登基,一堅定,就把殺他父王的臣僕殺了。這事假如發生在北國以色列,王位早就被篡,但是在猶大南國裡,不管發生何事,王位還是回到大衛的後裔身上。可見神是一個何等信實的神,祂持守與大衛所立的約直到永遠。所以一個人的敬虔深深地影響到他的後代,一個人的悖逆也會使後裔遭到咒詛。信仰,從來不是你一個人的事。

在〈歷代志〉下廿五章把亞瑪謝去攻打以東的事記載得詳盡一些:亞瑪謝招聚猶大人,按著猶大和便雅憫的宗族設立千夫長、百夫長,又數點人數,從二十歲以外,能拿槍拿盾牌出去打仗的精兵共有三十萬。又用銀子一百他連得,從以色列招募了十萬大能的勇士。有一個神人來見亞瑪謝,對他說:「王啊,不要使以色列的軍兵與你同去,因為耶和華不與以色列人以法蓮的後裔同在。 你若一定要去,就奮勇爭戰吧,但神必使你敗在敵人面前,因為神能助人得勝,也能使人傾敗。」亞瑪謝問神人說:「我給了以色列軍的那一百他連得銀子怎麼樣呢?」神人回答說:「耶和華能把更多的賜給你。」於是亞瑪謝將那從以色列召來的軍兵分別出來,叫他們回家去。故此,他們甚惱怒猶大人,氣憤憤地回家去了,在回去的路上到處搶劫殺人。

有了神人的應許,亞瑪謝壯起膽來,率領他的民到鹽谷,殺了西珥人一萬;又生擒了一萬,帶到山崖上,從那裡把他們扔下去,以致他們都摔碎了。奇怪的是,亞瑪謝打了勝仗之後,卻把西珥(以東)的神像帶回去叩拜。假如以東打勝,拜他們的神還有一點道理,因為以東得勝;但是以東人都打敗了,怎麼還把一個打輸的神像帶回來呢?反而離棄那個使他得勝的耶和華神?他的心何等地愚蠢,且缺乏智慧!神差先知去見王,王反而罵他。

Jesus Is All You Need + Making Your Faith in Christ Attractive

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Titus 2:9-15.  Let’s go!

Titus 2:9-10 (NIV) 
9  Teach slaves to be subject to their masters in everything, to try to please them, not to talk back to them, 
10  and not to steal from them, but to show that they can be fully trusted, so that in every way they will make the teaching about God our Savior attractive. 

On verses 9-10:  When Paul tells slaves to be subject to their masters in everything, is Paul condoning slavery?  Nowadays whenever we think of slaves, we might think of the barbaric practices of more recent Western slave trading, where people are kidnapped, treated inhumanely and forced to work as slaves against their will for little or no compensation. We might also think about the cruel enslavement of the Israelites by the Egyptians in Exodus. Keep in mind that slavery during Paul’s time probably looked quite different.  During Paul’s time, a person would voluntarily enter into a formal contract with his or her boss to work for them as a slave for a period of time, in exchange for compensation, food and lodging.  Back then to work as a slave in the Roman empire was a form of employment.   For this reason, when Paul addresses slaves in verses 9-10, there are certain principles we can apply from his teaching to employer-employee relationships today.

Protect the Truth

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Titus 1:10-16.  Let’s go

Titus 1:10-11 (NIV) 
10  For there are many rebellious people, mere talkers and deceivers, especially those of the circumcision group. 
11  They must be silenced, because they are ruining whole households by teaching things they ought not to teach–and that for the sake of dishonest gain.

On verses 10-11: Paul warns Titus to guard against those who try to deceive the church in Crete with false doctrine.  In particular, Paul warns Titus about the “circumcision group” (also known as the Judaizers) who taught that in order to be saved it was not enough to believe in Jesus but that you must also be circumcised and follow the ceremonial and food regulations of the Jewish law.   Paul warns Titus sternly about them.  He tells Titus to speak for the truth and silence those false teachers.  It’s no wonder that when picking leaders, Paul especially emphasized that a leader must “hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can encourage others by sound doctrine and refuse those who oppose it” (v9).

What can we learn from this?  If you are a parent in your home, a leader in your small group, a teacher in your classroom, or in some other leadership position where people look to you for leadership, you must remember that part of your role is that of a protector.  You are to protect those in your care from believing in lies and false doctrine.  Don’t remain silent but be sure to speak up on issues of truth so that those in your care can know right from wrong.