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Forgiveness and Gratitude Go Together

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Leviticus 2:1-16.  Let’s go!

Leviticus 2:1-12 (NIV)
1  “‘When someone brings a grain offering to the LORD, his offering is to be of fine flour. He is to pour oil on it, put incense on it
2  and take it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall take a handful of the fine flour and oil, together with all the incense, and burn this as a memorial portion on the altar, an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
3  The rest of the grain offering belongs to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the offerings made to the LORD by fire.
4  “‘If you bring a grain offering baked in an oven, it is to consist of fine flour: cakes made without yeast and mixed with oil, or wafers made without yeast and spread with oil.
5  If your grain offering is prepared on a griddle, it is to be made of fine flour mixed with oil, and without yeast.
6  Crumble it and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering. ……

On verses 1-12:  Leviticus 2 describes a second type of offering that the Israelites were commanded to give:  the grain offering.  Whereas the burnt offering in Leviticus 1 involved sacrificing animals for the forgiveness of sins, the grain offering in Leviticus 2 involved sacrificing vegetables (i.e. grain) and was for the purpose of giving thanks to God.

If the burnt offering described in Leviticus 1 points us to Jesus’ death on the cross for our sins, what can we learn from the grain offering?  Just as the burnt offering is followed by the grain offering in Leviticus 1-2, God’s forgiveness (represented by the burnt offering) should always be followed by our gratitude (represented by the grain offering). 

《聖經中各種審判》4— 洪水審判全地

上帝主權掌管下的歷史進展

第三個審判是對全世界人類的審判,要透過洪水的審判建造一個新的族類。上帝的審判,是為了彰顯祂的公義。當上帝看見地上的人罪惡很大,終日所想的盡都是惡,上帝定意審判全人類,除了被揀選的人與動物之外,上帝藉此重新整頓整個世界。上帝給了人類生命一百二十年,要人進方舟領受上帝的恩典。挪亞傳道一百二十年,但這不等於人會相信上帝的話,上帝所定的,人不願意它成就,挪亞看似是歷史上最沒有果效的傳道人。往往我們以為只要我們努力、禱告、盡我們的責任,我們一定能達到果效,但上帝最後的主權掌握人的生死,成就事情的成敗,決定歷史的方向怎麼走下去,只有挪亞一家八口度過這個難關,維持整個地球的存在與新種類的延續。

上帝決定的大過人的奮鬥。賣耶穌的猶大是不能得救的,無論給他多少機會,因為他剛硬著心,上帝許可他剛硬的心得逞。新約的教訓也告訴我們:除非上帝自己動工,人不能因自己殷勤的工作達到成就,聖經概括而言:「我要恩待誰就恩待誰,要憐憫誰就憐憫誰」(出33:19),因為一切的一切都在上帝預定的旨意中才有成就的可能。挪亞的方舟預表耶穌基督把我們帶到祂恩典的懷抱中,預表上帝的救恩,挪亞一面建造方舟,一面傳福音,呼籲人進到方舟,領受救恩,得著生命的保障,但除了他一家八口,沒有人接受,因為不信他的權威與講道的內容,更不信他的預言會有怎樣的結果。人以自己的理性、經驗、主觀的判斷推敲他聽見的一切信息。上帝藉著挪亞傳的道,人聽不進去,「你憑什麼告訴我們日後一定會照著你所說的成就」。這世上的人被分為信與不信,信的人就在神的道中領受恩典,不信的人就在自己的過犯中領受審判。

挪亞一家八口成為餘種。「餘種」這個詞在《創世記》、《以賽亞書》、《羅馬書》出現過(創45:7,賽1:9,羅9:29)。餘種、上帝的預定、上帝恩典的主權的觀念,就在洪水的審判中顯明出來,因為上帝是公義的,是信實的,是聖潔的,顯明祂自己是神聖的主。挪亞要在一百二十年內建造方舟是很困難的事,無論方舟的容量、建法(參:創6:14-16),上帝都規定了。無論是會幕的尺寸、方舟的容量、揀選的總數,都是上帝所預定的,「你要照著山上指示你的樣式,建造百姓敬拜上帝的會幕」(參:出25:40;26:30;27:8,來8:5),方舟是第一次把上帝要做的事,多大、什麼形式、建造的規矩啟示後,人才去建。

Jesus Your Burnt Offering

Hi GAMErs,

Today we begin the book of Leviticus.  According to many scholars, Leviticus was mostly likely written by Moses himself in approximately the second half of 15th century B.C.  It was apparently the first book that a Jewish child studied and contained many of the sacrificial and ceremonial laws that the Jewish people were to follow.  From the book of Leviticus we can learn a lot about the character of God.

Today’s passage is Leviticus 1:1-17.  Let’s go!

Leviticus 1:1-2 (NIV)
1  The LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting. He said,
2  “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, bring as your offering an animal from either the herd or the flock.

On verses 1-2:  Where was Moses when God spoke to him and revealed His plans for him and the people he was leading?  Moses was in church, or as it was called then, the Tent of Meeting, the place where God’s people gathered to worship and meet with God.  

Likewise, if you want God to speak to you and to reveal His plans for you, make it your priority to be in church where you can meet with God and with God’s people.  God loves to speak to His people when they are gathered together.  So come to church with a hungry, expectant heart, ready to worship God, to be still in His presence and to listen to His Word.

所羅門與希蘭立約

〈列王紀〉上 5:1-12耶和華照著所應許的賜智慧給所羅門。希蘭與所羅門和好,彼此立約。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀 〉上 5:1-18  

所羅門在〈箴言〉裡寫下:“你的朋友和父親的朋友,你都不可離棄。(箴27:10) ”不知是否因為希蘭的關係?推羅王希蘭因為和大衛一向交好,所以在所羅門做王後,對他倍加照顧。這可以說是所羅門的切身體驗吧,倘若不是希蘭的大力相助,不管是建聖殿或宮殿都拿不到那麼多上等的木材。

希蘭是指腓尼基王希蘭一世(Hiram I BC 980-947),推羅是古代腓尼基人的主要海港之一,位於耶路撒冷北方約150公里的一個小島之上。古代腓尼基人據說是挪亞的兒子閃族的後代,他們住在地中海東岸,善於航海與經商。在希蘭的統治之下,推羅變成當時最重要的腓尼基城巿,更成為當時的一個貿易大國。推羅控制著亞柯灣(Bay of Acre)以北的地中海沿岸,在地中海的四周擁有許多殖民地,也包括了當時的黎巴嫩。推羅與她的殖民地及其他國家的貿易往來名聞遐邇,除了當時的航海業,紡織和染色工業,以及香柏木出口,也都極為著名。

推羅靠海,沒有出產農產品,因此非常仰賴以色列的農產品供應,以色列也控制內陸到推羅的商業大道。因此推羅王是最早承認大衛王的君王,現在更與大衛的兒子所羅門繼續建立交易的合約,願意以香柏本和松木去換取以色列人的農產品。所羅門對黎巴嫩的香柏木最感興趣,還有松木和檀香木,甚至甘願以麥子和清油(壓榨過的橄欖油)交易。在〈歷代志〉下第二章寫得更仔細,推羅王想要的包括了小麥、大麥、酒、油,因此所羅門王答應,在建造的七年中,每年給他打好了的小麥二萬歌珥,大麥二萬歌珥,酒二萬罷特,油二萬罷特,以供給推羅的工人。根據解經家的分析,二萬歌珥小麥、兩萬歌珥大麥;這些麥子可以做成兩萬六千六百六十六歌珥的麵粉,比所羅門王室消耗量還少五分之一。按照《新譯本》,所羅門給了希蘭麥子四百萬公升,純油四十萬公升。

How to Experience More of God’s Love and Peace

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is 2 Corinthians 13:1-14.  Let’s go!

2 Corinthians 13:1-3 (NIV)
1  This will be my third visit to you. “Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.”
2  I already gave you a warning when I was with you the second time. I now repeat it while absent: On my return I will not spare those who sinned earlier or any of the others,
3  since you are demanding proof that Christ is speaking through me…

On verses 1-3a:  Paul naturally preferred to take a gentle approach with his congregation in person (see for example verse 10).  However, the Christians in the church in Corinth were continuing to engage in the sinful behaviours that Paul had repeatedly warned them about in the past (see 2 Corinthians 12:20-21).  In addition, people in the church in Corinth had been criticizing Paul for being strong and aggressive in his letters but weak and mild in person.  They even questioned whether Christ was really speaking through Paul (v3).  So with all that in mind, Paul says that he now plans to take a stern, disciplinarian approach toward the people in his church, just as he had warned them before on his second visit to them (v2).  In verse 1 Paul quotes Deuteronomy 19:15 as a way to say he is getting ready to exercise some church discipline when he visits them next.

所羅門之富強和智慧

〈列王紀〉上 4:20 猶大人和以色列人如同海邊的沙那樣多,都吃喝快樂。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀 〉上 4:1-34  

神曾經對亞伯蘭說:“從你所在的地方,你舉目向東西南北觀看,凡你所看見的一切地,我都要賜給你和你的後裔,直到永遠。我也要使你的後裔如同地上的塵沙那樣多,人若能數算地上的塵沙,才能數算你的後裔。 你起來,縱橫走遍這地,因為我必把這地賜給你。(創13:14-17)”這些應許到了所羅門的時代,終於應驗了:“猶大人和以色列人如同海邊的沙那樣多,都吃喝快樂”,“所羅門統管諸國,從大河到非利士地,直到埃及的邊界”。神的應許一句也不落空。一千多年,在人看來不可能的事,在神凡事都能。

曾經在埃及做過四百多年奴隸的以色列人,竟然可以建立起一個如此富強的國家。怎樣從四百年已經養成的奴性中,飛躍出剛強壯膽的信念?怎樣從一個希伯來人亞伯蘭的彈丸之地,變成擁有整個迦南地的國家?神的手那樣奇妙而堅定地帶領著祂呼召的人,在祂的旨意裡不斷地向前走,終於走出來了。所以我們倚靠神的人,要看得見、信得過這位耶和華神,因為祂是如此信實,即使在人的絕望中,因為有祂,就必然有希望。

在大衛所立的根基和制度上,所羅門又更新了一些人事,因為以前服侍大衛的人都老了,他需要一批新血。但他不是隨便去找人,都是從可靠的老臣中,提拔他們的子嗣。這是很聰明的作法,一來父親可以教兒子,也可以順便管兒子,讓他們可以忠心職守。例如:撒督的兒子亞撒利雅做祭司,示沙的兩個兒子以利何烈、亞希亞做書記,亞希律的兒子約沙法做史官,耶何耶大的兒子比拿雅做元帥,等等,依此類推。在這裡還載亞比亞他和撒都是祭司長,可能那時還沒有叫亞比亞他歸鄉。

Love, Loyalty and Respect

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is 2 Corinthians 12:11-21.  Let’s go!

2 Corinthians 12:11-19 (NIV)
11  I have made a fool of myself, but you drove me to it. I ought to have been commended by you, for I am not in the least inferior to the “super-apostles,” even though I am nothing.
12  The things that mark an apostle–signs, wonders and miracles–were done among you with great perseverance.
13  How were you inferior to the other churches, except that I was never a burden to you? Forgive me this wrong!
14  Now I am ready to visit you for the third time, and I will not be a burden to you, because what I want is not your possessions but you. After all, children should not have to save up for their parents, but parents for their children.
15  So I will very gladly spend for you everything I have and expend myself as well. If I love you more, will you love me less?
16  Be that as it may, I have not been a burden to you. Yet, crafty fellow that I am, I caught you by trickery!
17  Did I exploit you through any of the men I sent you?
18  I urged Titus to go to you and I sent our brother with him. Titus did not exploit you, did he? Did we not act in the same spirit and follow the same course?
19  Have you been thinking all along that we have been defending ourselves to you? We have been speaking in the sight of God as those in Christ; and everything we do, dear friends, is for your strengthening.

On verses 11-19:  Paul was hurt that the Christians at the church in Corinth, which he had helped to start, had so quickly shifted their loyalty to this new, heretical group called the “super apostles”.  Under the influence of these “super apostles”, the Christians in Corinth had begun to question Paul’s authority as an apostle, his ability as a leader, his character as a man and his love for them as their pastor and spiritual father.  These were very personal attacks. 

所羅門王以智慧斷案

〈列王紀〉上 3:28以色列眾人聽見王這樣判斷,就都敬畏他,因為見他心裡有神的智慧,能以斷案。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀 〉上 3:16-28   

根據猶太人的傳說,所羅門王豋基時才12歲。因此當大衛對會眾訴說為神建殿的心意時,特別提到:“我兒子所羅門是神特選的,還年幼嬌嫩(代上29:1)”。所羅門在向神禱告時也提到:“耶和華我的神啊,如今你使僕人接續我父親大衛做王,但我是幼童,不知道應當怎樣出入。(王上3:7)”當然也有人認為是14 歲或20歲。認為所羅門不可能在12歲做王的人,覺得這個年記的孩子怎麼會懂律法?但是以後我們還會讀到亞哈斯在20歲做王,做了16年;希西家25歲接續他做王,表示亞哈斯在11歲時就生了希西家。所以所羅門有沒有可能在12歲做王呢,是有可能的。

所羅門向神祈求為民判斷的智慧,因為那是王的責任。那時候不像現在有法院,百姓之間如果有了爭論,只能先去找地方官,地方官斷不了的事再去城門那裡求王判斷。記不記得押沙龍要攏絡人心時,他常常早晨起來,站在城門的道旁,凡有爭訟要去求王判斷的,押沙龍就叫他過來,問他說:「你是哪一城的人?」回答說:「僕人是以色列某支派的人。」押沙龍對他說:「你的事有情有理,無奈王沒有委人聽你申訴。」押沙龍又說:「恨不得我做國中的士師!凡有爭訟求審判的到我這裡來,我必秉公判斷。」若有人近前來要拜押沙龍,押沙龍就伸手拉住他,與他親嘴。以色列人中,凡去見王求判斷的,押沙龍都是如此待他們。這樣,押沙龍暗中得了以色列人的心(撒下15:1-6)。押沙龍故意破壞以色列人對大衛王的信任,對百姓說大衛王的壞話,指大衛王不聽申訴,又沒有秉公判斷。所以審判百姓是以色列王一個很重要的工作。

所有最困難、最麻煩的案子都會帶到王面前,讓王判斷。所羅門那麼年輕,怎麼可能擔此重任?他雖然有最忠心的祭司撒都、最勇猛的元帥比拿雅,還有守護他的母親拔示巴,但是在王的職責上,沒人能代替他來執行審判。當那兩個婦人被帶到年輕的所羅門王面前時,大家都睜大眼睛要看所羅門怎樣處理這個棘手的案子。兩個母親和自己的嬰兒在一起睡覺,一個壓死了自己的孩子,不肯認帳,兩個人都要爭取那個活的嬰兒。

How to Face Trouble That Won’t Go Away

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is 2 Corinthians 12:1-10.  Let’s go!

2 Corinthians 12:1-6 (NIV)
1  I must go on boasting. Although there is nothing to be gained, I will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord.
2  I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the body or out of the body I do not know–God knows.
3  And I know that this man–whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, but God knows–
4  was caught up to paradise. He heard inexpressible things, things that man is not permitted to tell.
5  I will boast about a man like that, but I will not boast about myself, except about my weaknesses.
6  Even if I should choose to boast, I would not be a fool, because I would be speaking the truth. But I refrain, so no one will think more of me than is warranted by what I do or say.

On verses 1-6:  Why does Paul go on boasting even though “there is nothing to be gained” (v1) by it?  It’s because the Corinthian Christians have kept on comparing Paul to the “super apostles” who make all sorts of boasts about how spiritual they are and how accomplished they are.  The church in Corinth was starting to lose confidence in Paul and look down on him, since he wasn’t in the habit of flaunting his resume the way the super apostles would.  So to put the matter the rest and to show that Paul is not the least bit “inferior to the ‘super apostles’”, Paul shares about the powerful spiritual experiences he has had with the Lord in the past. 

所羅門求智慧

〈列王紀〉上 3:12 我就應允你所求的,賜你聰明、智慧,甚至在你以前沒有像你的,在你以後也沒有像你的。

閱讀經文:〈列王紀 〉上 3:1-15          〈歷代志〉下 1:1-13

假如神問你:“你願我賜你什麼,你可以求。”你會求什麼?假如你今天有了新的工作,你會向神求什麼?假如你今天剛結婚,成立了新家庭,你要向神求什麼?假如今天是你四十歲的生日,你會向神求什麼?在每一個人生階段,神都願意我們向祂求,好讓我們得著祂的祝福,但是要求什麼,才能討神喜悅呢?

所羅門王登基之後不久,就帶著千夫長、百夫長、審判官、首領與族長都到基遍。因為他要在那裡獻祭。他為何不像大衛一樣,在耶路撒冷獻祭即可呢?沒想到這個年輕人還挺念舊的,原來他要到會幕的所在地獻祭。大衛雖然把約櫃從基列耶琳搬到大衛的城裡,但是並沒有把會幕也搬去,只是造了一個帳幕暫時放約櫃。所以摩西做的那個會幕,從示羅被搬到基遍後,就一直在那裡沒動過。從摩西造會幕到所羅門大約有五百年了,所羅門還會想到在會幕那裡獻祭,是他對神的一番心意。

丘壇又是什麼?英文譯為at the high places,就是在高處之意。這種事華人也很清楚,在華山、泰山、山等,反正是大山小丘一定有廟。人有一種想法,神明都是住在高處,所以到越高的地方敬拜,就越顯得虔誠,祈求也容易被接納而得到應驗。奇妙的是,人同此心,心同此理。自古以來,在巴勒斯坦一帶地方的人,也以山頂爲特別合適敬拜神明的所在,用基督徒的說法,就是拜偶像的地方;通常山頂有形狀為平坦的岩石鑿成的平台,有獻祭用的祭壇或處所。所羅門在登上王位之初就先去會幕那裡敬拜神,自然就得到神的祝福。因為神說:“因為尊重我的,我必重看他;藐視我的,他必被輕視。(撒上2:30b)”