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Forgiveness and Gratitude Go Together

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Leviticus 2:1-16.  Let’s go!

Leviticus 2:1-12 (NIV)
1  “‘When someone brings a grain offering to the LORD, his offering is to be of fine flour. He is to pour oil on it, put incense on it
2  and take it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall take a handful of the fine flour and oil, together with all the incense, and burn this as a memorial portion on the altar, an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
3  The rest of the grain offering belongs to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the offerings made to the LORD by fire.
4  “‘If you bring a grain offering baked in an oven, it is to consist of fine flour: cakes made without yeast and mixed with oil, or wafers made without yeast and spread with oil.
5  If your grain offering is prepared on a griddle, it is to be made of fine flour mixed with oil, and without yeast.
6  Crumble it and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering. ……

On verses 1-12:  Leviticus 2 describes a second type of offering that the Israelites were commanded to give:  the grain offering.  Whereas the burnt offering in Leviticus 1 involved sacrificing animals for the forgiveness of sins, the grain offering in Leviticus 2 involved sacrificing vegetables (i.e. grain) and was for the purpose of giving thanks to God.

If the burnt offering described in Leviticus 1 points us to Jesus’ death on the cross for our sins, what can we learn from the grain offering?  Just as the burnt offering is followed by the grain offering in Leviticus 1-2, God’s forgiveness (represented by the burnt offering) should always be followed by our gratitude (represented by the grain offering). 

《圣经中各种审判》4— 洪水审判全地

上帝主权掌管下的历史进展

第三个审判是对全世界人类的审判,要透过洪水的审判建造一个新的族类。上帝的审判,是为了彰显祂的公义。当上帝看见地上的人罪恶很大,终日所想的尽都是恶,上帝定意审判全人类,除了被拣选的人与动物之外,上帝借此重新整顿整个世界。上帝给了人类生命一百二十年,要人进方舟领受上帝的恩典。挪亚传道一百二十年,但这不等于人会相信上帝的话,上帝所定的,人不愿意它成就,挪亚看似是历史上最没有果效的传道人。往往我们以为只要我们努力、祷告、尽我们的责任,我们一定能达到果效,但上帝最后的主权掌握人的生死,成就事情的成败,决定历史的方向怎么走下去,只有挪亚一家八口度过这个难关,维持整个地球的存在与新种类的延续。

上帝决定的大过人的奋斗。卖耶稣的犹大是不能得救的,无论给他多少机会,因为他刚硬着心,上帝许可他刚硬的心得逞。新约的教训也告诉我们:除非上帝自己动工,人不能因自己殷勤的工作达到成就,圣经概括而言:「我要恩待谁就恩待谁,要怜悯谁就怜悯谁」(出33:19),因为一切的一切都在上帝预定的旨意中才有成就的可能。挪亚的方舟预表耶稣基督把我们带到祂恩典的怀抱中,预表上帝的救恩,挪亚一面建造方舟,一面传福音,呼吁人进到方舟,领受救恩,得着生命的保障,但除了他一家八口,没有人接受,因为不信他的权威与讲道的内容,更不信他的预言会有怎样的结果。人以自己的理性、经验、主观的判断推敲他听见的一切信息。上帝借着挪亚传的道,人听不进去,「你凭什么告诉我们日后一定会照着你所说的成就」。这世上的人被分为信与不信,信的人就在神的道中领受恩典,不信的人就在自己的过犯中领受审判。

挪亚一家八口成为余种。「余种」这个词在《创世记》、《以赛亚书》、《罗马书》出现过(创45:7,赛1:9,罗9:29)。余种、上帝的预定、上帝恩典的主权的观念,就在洪水的审判中显明出来,因为上帝是公义的,是信实的,是圣洁的,显明祂自己是神圣的主。挪亚要在一百二十年内建造方舟是很困难的事,无论方舟的容量、建法(参:创6:14-16),上帝都规定了。无论是会幕的尺寸、方舟的容量、拣选的总数,都是上帝所预定的,「你要照着山上指示你的样式,建造百姓敬拜上帝的会幕」(参:出25:40;26:30;27:8,来8:5),方舟是第一次把上帝要做的事,多大、什么形式、建造的规矩启示后,人才去建。

Jesus Your Burnt Offering

Hi GAMErs,

Today we begin the book of Leviticus.  According to many scholars, Leviticus was mostly likely written by Moses himself in approximately the second half of 15th century B.C.  It was apparently the first book that a Jewish child studied and contained many of the sacrificial and ceremonial laws that the Jewish people were to follow.  From the book of Leviticus we can learn a lot about the character of God.

Today’s passage is Leviticus 1:1-17.  Let’s go!

Leviticus 1:1-2 (NIV)
1  The LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting. He said,
2  “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, bring as your offering an animal from either the herd or the flock.

On verses 1-2:  Where was Moses when God spoke to him and revealed His plans for him and the people he was leading?  Moses was in church, or as it was called then, the Tent of Meeting, the place where God’s people gathered to worship and meet with God.  

Likewise, if you want God to speak to you and to reveal His plans for you, make it your priority to be in church where you can meet with God and with God’s people.  God loves to speak to His people when they are gathered together.  So come to church with a hungry, expectant heart, ready to worship God, to be still in His presence and to listen to His Word.

所罗门与希兰立约

〈列王纪〉上 5:1-12耶和华照着所应许的赐智慧给所罗门。希兰与所罗门和好,彼此立约。

阅读经文:〈列王纪 〉上 5:1-18  

所罗门在〈箴言〉里写下:“你的朋友和父亲的朋友,你都不可离弃。(箴27:10) ”不知是否因为希兰的关系?推罗王希兰因为和大卫一向交好,所以在所罗门做王后,对他倍加照顾。这可以说是所罗门的切身体验吧,倘若不是希兰的大力相助,不管是建圣殿或宫殿都拿不到那么多上等的木材。

希兰是指腓尼基王希兰一世(Hiram I BC 980-947),推罗是古代腓尼基人的主要海港之一,位于耶路撒冷北方约150公里的一个小岛之上。古代腓尼基人据说是挪亚的儿子闪族的后代,他们住在地中海东岸,善于航海与经商。在希兰的统治之下,推罗变成当时最重要的腓尼基城巿,更成为当时的一个贸易大国。推罗控制着亚柯湾(Bay of Acre)以北的地中海沿岸,在地中海的四周拥有许多殖民地,也包括了当时的黎巴嫩。推罗与她的殖民地及其他国家的贸易往来名闻遐迩,除了当时的航海业,纺织和染色工业,以及香柏木出口,也都极为著名。

推罗靠海,没有出产农产品,因此非常仰赖以色列的农产品供应,以色列也控制内陆到推罗的商业大道。因此推罗王是最早承认大卫王的君王,现在更与大卫的儿子所罗门继续建立交易的合约,愿意以香柏本和松木去换取以色列人的农产品。所罗门对黎巴嫩的香柏木最感兴趣,还有松木和檀香木,甚至甘愿以麦子和清油(压榨过的橄榄油)交易。在〈历代志〉下第二章写得更仔细,推罗王想要的包括了小麦、大麦、酒、油,因此所罗门王答应,在建造的七年中,每年给他打好了的小麦二万歌珥,大麦二万歌珥,酒二万罢特,油二万罢特,以供给推罗的工人。根据解经家的分析,二万歌珥小麦、两万歌珥大麦;这些麦子可以做成两万六千六百六十六歌珥的面粉,比所罗门王室消耗量还少五分之一。按照《新译本》,所罗门给了希兰麦子四百万公升,纯油四十万公升。

How to Experience More of God’s Love and Peace

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is 2 Corinthians 13:1-14.  Let’s go!

2 Corinthians 13:1-3 (NIV)
1  This will be my third visit to you. “Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.”
2  I already gave you a warning when I was with you the second time. I now repeat it while absent: On my return I will not spare those who sinned earlier or any of the others,
3  since you are demanding proof that Christ is speaking through me…

On verses 1-3a:  Paul naturally preferred to take a gentle approach with his congregation in person (see for example verse 10).  However, the Christians in the church in Corinth were continuing to engage in the sinful behaviours that Paul had repeatedly warned them about in the past (see 2 Corinthians 12:20-21).  In addition, people in the church in Corinth had been criticizing Paul for being strong and aggressive in his letters but weak and mild in person.  They even questioned whether Christ was really speaking through Paul (v3).  So with all that in mind, Paul says that he now plans to take a stern, disciplinarian approach toward the people in his church, just as he had warned them before on his second visit to them (v2).  In verse 1 Paul quotes Deuteronomy 19:15 as a way to say he is getting ready to exercise some church discipline when he visits them next.

所罗门之富强和智慧

〈列王纪〉上 4:20 犹大人和以色列人如同海边的沙那样多,都吃喝快乐。

阅读经文:〈列王纪 〉上 4:1-34  

神曾经对亚伯兰说:“从你所在的地方,你举目向东西南北观看,凡你所看见的一切地,我都要赐给你和你的后裔,直到永远。我也要使你的后裔如同地上的尘沙那样多,人若能数算地上的尘沙,才能数算你的后裔。 你起来,纵横走遍这地,因为我必把这地赐给你。(创13:14-17)”这些应许到了所罗门的时代,终于应验了:“犹大人和以色列人如同海边的沙那样多,都吃喝快乐”,“所罗门统管诸国,从大河到非利士地,直到埃及的边界”。神的应许一句也不落空。一千多年,在人看来不可能的事,在神凡事都能。

曾经在埃及做过四百多年奴隶的以色列人,竟然可以建立起一个如此富强的国家。怎样从四百年已经养成的奴性中,飞跃出刚强壮胆的信念?怎样从一个希伯来人亚伯兰的弹丸之地,变成拥有整个迦南地的国家?神的手那样奇妙而坚定地带领着祂呼召的人,在祂的旨意里不断地向前走,终于走出来了。所以我们倚靠神的人,要看得见、信得过这位耶和华神,因为祂是如此信实,即使在人的绝望中,因为有祂,就必然有希望。

在大卫所立的根基和制度上,所罗门又更新了一些人事,因为以前服侍大卫的人都老了,他需要一批新血。但他不是随便去找人,都是从可靠的老臣中,提拔他们的子嗣。这是很聪明的作法,一来父亲可以教儿子,也可以顺便管儿子,让他们可以忠心职守。例如:撒督的儿子亚撒利雅做祭司,示沙的两个儿子以利何烈、亚希亚做书记,亚希律的儿子约沙法做史官,耶何耶大的儿子比拿雅做元帅,等等,依此类推。在这里还载亚比亚他和撒都是祭司长,可能那时还没有叫亚比亚他归乡。

Love, Loyalty and Respect

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is 2 Corinthians 12:11-21.  Let’s go!

2 Corinthians 12:11-19 (NIV)
11  I have made a fool of myself, but you drove me to it. I ought to have been commended by you, for I am not in the least inferior to the “super-apostles,” even though I am nothing.
12  The things that mark an apostle–signs, wonders and miracles–were done among you with great perseverance.
13  How were you inferior to the other churches, except that I was never a burden to you? Forgive me this wrong!
14  Now I am ready to visit you for the third time, and I will not be a burden to you, because what I want is not your possessions but you. After all, children should not have to save up for their parents, but parents for their children.
15  So I will very gladly spend for you everything I have and expend myself as well. If I love you more, will you love me less?
16  Be that as it may, I have not been a burden to you. Yet, crafty fellow that I am, I caught you by trickery!
17  Did I exploit you through any of the men I sent you?
18  I urged Titus to go to you and I sent our brother with him. Titus did not exploit you, did he? Did we not act in the same spirit and follow the same course?
19  Have you been thinking all along that we have been defending ourselves to you? We have been speaking in the sight of God as those in Christ; and everything we do, dear friends, is for your strengthening.

On verses 11-19:  Paul was hurt that the Christians at the church in Corinth, which he had helped to start, had so quickly shifted their loyalty to this new, heretical group called the “super apostles”.  Under the influence of these “super apostles”, the Christians in Corinth had begun to question Paul’s authority as an apostle, his ability as a leader, his character as a man and his love for them as their pastor and spiritual father.  These were very personal attacks. 

所罗门王以智慧断案

〈列王纪〉上 3:28以色列众人听见王这样判断,就都敬畏他,因为见他心里有神的智慧,能以断案。

阅读经文:〈列王纪 〉上 3:16-28   

根据犹太人的传说,所罗门王豋基时才12岁。因此当大卫对会众诉说为神建殿的心意时,特别提到:“我儿子所罗门是神特选的,还年幼娇嫩(代上29:1)”。所罗门在向神祷告时也提到:“耶和华我的神啊,如今你使仆人接续我父亲大卫做王,但我是幼童,不知道应当怎样出入。(王上3:7)”当然也有人认为是14 岁或20岁。认为所罗门不可能在12岁做王的人,觉得这个年记的孩子怎么会懂律法?但是以后我们还会读到亚哈斯在20岁做王,做了16年;希西家25岁接续他做王,表示亚哈斯在11岁时就生了希西家。所以所罗门有没有可能在12岁做王呢,是有可能的。

所罗门向神祈求为民判断的智慧,因为那是王的责任。那时候不像现在有法院,百姓之间如果有了争论,只能先去找地方官,地方官断不了的事再去城门那里求王判断。记不记得押沙龙要拢络人心时,他常常早晨起来,站在城门的道旁,凡有争讼要去求王判断的,押沙龙就叫他过来,问他说:「你是哪一城的人?」回答说:「仆人是以色列某支派的人。」押沙龙对他说:「你的事有情有理,无奈王没有委人听你申诉。」押沙龙又说:「恨不得我做国中的士师!凡有争讼求审判的到我这里来,我必秉公判断。」若有人近前来要拜押沙龙,押沙龙就伸手拉住他,与他亲嘴。以色列人中,凡去见王求判断的,押沙龙都是如此待他们。这样,押沙龙暗中得了以色列人的心(撒下15:1-6)。押沙龙故意破坏以色列人对大卫王的信任,对百姓说大卫王的坏话,指大卫王不听申诉,又没有秉公判断。所以审判百姓是以色列王一个很重要的工作。

所有最困难、最麻烦的案子都会带到王面前,让王判断。所罗门那么年轻,怎么可能担此重任?他虽然有最忠心的祭司撒都、最勇猛的元帅比拿雅,还有守护他的母亲拔示巴,但是在王的职责上,没人能代替他来执行审判。当那两个妇人被带到年轻的所罗门王面前时,大家都睁大眼睛要看所罗门怎样处理这个棘手的案子。两个母亲和自己的婴儿在一起睡觉,一个压死了自己的孩子,不肯认帐,两个人都要争取那个活的婴儿。

How to Face Trouble That Won’t Go Away

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is 2 Corinthians 12:1-10.  Let’s go!

2 Corinthians 12:1-6 (NIV)
1  I must go on boasting. Although there is nothing to be gained, I will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord.
2  I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the body or out of the body I do not know–God knows.
3  And I know that this man–whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, but God knows–
4  was caught up to paradise. He heard inexpressible things, things that man is not permitted to tell.
5  I will boast about a man like that, but I will not boast about myself, except about my weaknesses.
6  Even if I should choose to boast, I would not be a fool, because I would be speaking the truth. But I refrain, so no one will think more of me than is warranted by what I do or say.

On verses 1-6:  Why does Paul go on boasting even though “there is nothing to be gained” (v1) by it?  It’s because the Corinthian Christians have kept on comparing Paul to the “super apostles” who make all sorts of boasts about how spiritual they are and how accomplished they are.  The church in Corinth was starting to lose confidence in Paul and look down on him, since he wasn’t in the habit of flaunting his resume the way the super apostles would.  So to put the matter the rest and to show that Paul is not the least bit “inferior to the ‘super apostles’”, Paul shares about the powerful spiritual experiences he has had with the Lord in the past. 

所罗门求智慧

〈列王纪〉上 3:12 我就应允你所求的,赐你聪明、智慧,甚至在你以前没有像你的,在你以后也没有像你的。

阅读经文:〈列王纪 〉上 3:1-15          〈历代志〉下 1:1-13

假如神问你:“你愿我赐你什么,你可以求。”你会求什么?假如你今天有了新的工作,你会向神求什么?假如你今天刚结婚,成立了新家庭,你要向神求什么?假如今天是你四十岁的生日,你会向神求什么?在每一个人生阶段,神都愿意我们向祂求,好让我们得着祂的祝福,但是要求什么,才能讨神喜悦呢?

所罗门王登基之后不久,就带着千夫长、百夫长、审判官、首领与族长都到基遍。因为他要在那里献祭。他为何不像大卫一样,在耶路撒冷献祭即可呢?没想到这个年轻人还挺念旧的,原来他要到会幕的所在地献祭。大卫虽然把约柜从基列耶琳搬到大卫的城里,但是并没有把会幕也搬去,只是造了一个帐幕暂时放约柜。所以摩西做的那个会幕,从示罗被搬到基遍后,就一直在那里没动过。从摩西造会幕到所罗门大约有五百年了,所罗门还会想到在会幕那里献祭,是他对神的一番心意。

丘坛又是什么?英文译为at the high places,就是在高处之意。这种事华人也很清楚,在华山、泰山、山等,反正是大山小丘一定有庙。人有一种想法,神明都是住在高处,所以到越高的地方敬拜,就越显得虔诚,祈求也容易被接纳而得到应验。奇妙的是,人同此心,心同此理。自古以来,在巴勒斯坦一带地方的人,也以山顶为特别合适敬拜神明的所在,用基督徒的说法,就是拜偶像的地方;通常山顶有形状为平坦的岩石凿成的平台,有献祭用的祭坛或处所。所罗门在登上王位之初就先去会幕那里敬拜神,自然就得到神的祝福。因为神说:“因为尊重我的,我必重看他;藐视我的,他必被轻视。(撒上2:30b)”