Entries by

吹角節和贖罪日

〈民數記〉29:1 七月初一日,你們當有聖會,什麼勞碌的工都不可做,是你們當守為吹角的日子。

以色列人的吹角日,是個很特別的日子。在這日要用彎曲的羊角吹號,不可用牛角或其他角代替。現在的猶太人以吹角日(七月1日)為新年,但是神在〈出埃及記〉12章2節說:「你們要以本月為正月,為一年之首。」又是怎麼一回事呢?以色列的新年為何從1月1日變成7月1 日?假如希伯來曆的正月一日是新年,那麼就會在逾越節(正月十四日)之前,也就是每年陽曆的三、四月期間。

根據猶太拉比的解釋,因為巴比倫的新年是提斯利月的初一,和希伯來曆的吹角日是同一天。被擄的猶太人從巴比倫回歸後,在重建聖殿時期,開始以巴比倫的提斯利月為希伯來曆的第七月。因為拉比們不想公然接納阿基圖(巴比倫新年節慶的名字),所以他們把異教的節日猶太化,把吹角節改為猶太人的新年。在《聖經》裡並沒有為吹角節定一個特別的名稱,所以拉比比較容易把七月一日定為新年。話雖如此,拉比們無法否定希伯來曆的正月初一是新年,而且訂七月一日為新年是有點古怪,但是因為巴比倫人一年慶祝兩次阿基圖,使猶太人的吹角節可以名正言順地成為猶太人在七月的第二個新年。(以下簡稱猶太民曆為民曆,希伯來曆為神曆)

自猶太人淪為巴比倫的俘虜後,他們接受了巴比倫人的一個觀念:新年伊始是神在上天審判世人的日子。《密西拿Mishnah》(猶太教口傳律法書)中說:「在新年,世人都要在神面前被審判」,以決定他在新的一年中的命運是好是壞。《密西拿》中講了三種情況:在新年這一日,完全的好人、義人立即被判以生;完全的壞人、惡人立即被判以死;有好有壞中間狀態的人,他的判決懸著直至贖罪日(民曆1月10日/神曆7月10日)才作出最後的判定:無罪者生,有罪者死。這樣,新年就成了審判日(YOM DIN)。虔誠的猶太教徒從年底就開始做懺悔祈禱(SELIHOTH)了。人非聖賢,孰能無過。他們刻苦己心,深刻反思一年中所犯的過失和罪孽,論罪悔改,決志更新。祈求上帝原諒他們的過失,赦免他們的罪孽。因而民曆1月1日到10日/神曆7月1日到10日,又稱為「敬畏神的日子Days Of Awe」。

When Making Big Decisions

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Joshua 19:40-51.  Let’s go! 

Joshua 19:40-48 (NIV) 
40  The seventh lot came out for the tribe of Dan, clan by clan. 
41  The territory of their inheritance included: Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh, 
42  Shaalabbin, Aijalon, Ithlah, 
43  Elon, Timnah, Ekron, 
44  Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, 
45  Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon, 
46  Me Jarkon and Rakkon, with the area facing Joppa. 
47  (But the Danites had difficulty taking possession of their territory, so they went up and attacked Leshem, took it, put it to the sword and occupied it. They settled in Leshem and named it Dan after their forefather.) 
48  These towns and their villages were the inheritance of the tribe of Dan, clan by clan.

On verses 40-48:  The final tribe to receive its land allotment was the tribe of Dan.  Originally the Danites were assigned a fairly sizable area, located right by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, next to the tribe of Judah (v41-46).  However, the Danites had difficulty taking possession of their assigned land.  So they gave up and instead travel to the northernmost part of the promised land where they attack a city called Leshem and settle there, renaming the city Dan.  The land that was originally supposed to be for the Danites would be occupied by the Philistines, long time enemies of the Israelites.

當獻之祭

〈民數記〉28:25 第七日當有聖會,什麼勞碌的工都不可做。

祭祀對猶太人而言是很重要而嚴肅的事情,因為它代表了與神的溝通和交流。所以從〈出埃及記〉開始,我們就看到摩西不停地在重覆神的交代。這些祭典,也成了以色列人生活中不可分割的禮儀。

這章講到的當獻之祭,包括了每天早晚的燔祭,安息日,月朔,逾越節,初熟節,等等的祭祀。

祭禮是每天進行的,每天早晨和黃昏各一次,這表示神是真的像祂所說的,要和以色列人同在。若沒有這些祭禮,以色列人怎樣明白神與他們同在呢?所以我們也要如此到主面前,我們的靈修便是每天到神面前所獻的馨香之祭。

燔祭,是先獻上自己;然後,神接納,並賜下能力和恩典。靈修,也是如此,每天先獻上自己,完全交託,然後領受神賜下的能力和恩典,才能過得勝的生活。每天的開始都要從敬拜神開始。

安息日要加獻兩隻一歲無殘疾的羊羔。現在一週七天的由來,是神在創世時所訂的。那時神把第七天作為祂的安息日,歇了創造之工;又把這安息日賜給以色列人。現在世界上也都沿用這一週七天的生活方式。猶太人守安息日,基督徒是否一定也要守安息日敬拜?

保羅對猶太人說:「你們謹守日子、月份、節期、年份,我為你們害怕,惟恐我在你們身上是枉費了工夫。(加4:11-12)」又說:「有人看這日比那日強,有人看日日都是一樣,只是各人心裡要意見堅定。守日的人是為主守的;吃的人是為主吃的,因他感謝神;不吃的人是為主不吃的,也感謝神。(羅14:5-6)」新約後,使徒們守主復活之日行敬拜之儀,也有主所賜的安息之實。每個星期的第一天都是從敬拜神開始。

Honoured By His Presence

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Joshua 19:24-39.  Let’s go!

Joshua 19:24-39 (NIV) 
24  The fifth lot came out for the tribe of Asher, clan by clan.
25  Their territory included: Helkath, Hali, Beten, Acshaph,
26  Allammelech, Amad and Mishal. On the west the boundary touched Carmel and Shihor Libnath.
27  It then turned east toward Beth Dagon, touched Zebulun and the Valley of Iphtah El, and went north to Beth Emek and Neiel, passing Cabul on the left.
28  It went to Abdon, Rehob, Hammon and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon.
29  The boundary then turned back toward Ramah and went to the fortified city of Tyre, turned toward Hosah and came out at the sea in the region of Aczib,
30  Ummah, Aphek and Rehob. There were twenty-two towns and their villages.
31  These towns and their villages were the inheritance of the tribe of Asher, clan by clan.

On verses 24-31:  These verses describe the territory given to the tribe of Asher.  Asher’s long territory ran along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea.

摩西和約書亞的交接

〈民數記〉27:18-20  耶和華對摩西說:「嫩的兒子約書亞是心中有聖靈的;你將他領來,按手在他頭上,使他站在祭司以利亞撒和全會眾面前,囑咐他,又將你的尊榮給他幾分,使以色列全會眾都聽從他。」

在美國大選塵埃剛落定的此際,看到摩西和約書亞的交接,心裡特別有感觸。雖然說民主有民主的好處,但是因為人的罪,使再好的制度都充滿了邪惡與紛爭。看到神帶領摩西把權柄交給約書亞,完成了一個非常平和而順利的交接,對以色列人而言,那真是很有福氣的一個過程。

人的生命何等有限,偉大如摩西,也有一天要歸回他列祖之地。而神對摩西的定論是,他在米利巴時,沒有按著神的吩咐叫磐石出水,而是因為被百姓激動,極為憤怒的情況下,擊打磐石出水。因此神說,摩西和亞倫不信祂的話,沒有在百姓之前尊神為大,因此他和亞倫都不能進迦南地。相比之下,我們的一生中有多少次渺視神的命令呢?摩西只有一次違背神的命令,就進不了迦南地;那麼我們是否也因為違背神的命令,而失去許多神曾經預備要給我們的福氣?

摩西沒有任何怨言,他接受神的處治。雖然他曾經為了這個進迦南的使命而付出四十年的光陰,但是他沒有呼天搶地:「這是為什麼啊?太殘酷了!我走了四十年的曠野,受了那麼多苦,竟然只因為一次錯誤,就不能進迦南!」我們有時會因為自己的付出得不到想像中的回報而心懷不平,但是比起摩西的付出和犧牲,我們的付出又算得了什麼?難怪神說,摩西是在祂全家盡忠的,換句話說,摩西做一切都是為了神,不是為了自己。我們會想到自己的面子,自己的自尊心,自己的損失,自己的報酬,因此我們從來沒有辦法像摩西那樣,在人或神面前俯伏於地。

Planted by the Water

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Joshua 19:10-23.  Let’s go!

Joshua 19:10-16 (NIV) 
10  The third lot came up for Zebulun, clan by clan: The boundary of their inheritance went as far as Sarid.
11  Going west it ran to Maralah, touched Dabbesheth, and extended to the ravine near Jokneam.
12  It turned east from Sarid toward the sunrise to the territory of Kisloth Tabor and went on to Daberath and up to Japhia.
13  Then it continued eastward to Gath Hepher and Eth Kazin; it came out at Rimmon and turned toward Neah.
14  There the boundary went around on the north to Hannathon and ended at the Valley of Iphtah El.
15  Included were Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah and Bethlehem. There were twelve towns and their villages.
16  These towns and their villages were the inheritance of Zebulun, clan by clan.

On verses 10-16:  These verses describe the land allotment given to the tribe of Zebulun.

Nearing his death, Jacob spoke these prophetic words over his son Zebulun in Genesis 49:13: “Zebulun will live by the seashore and become a haven for ships; his border will extend toward Sidon.”  We see the fulfillment of Jacob’s prophetic words here, as the land given to Zebulun extends to the Mediterranean Sea on the west and the Sea of Galilee on the east.  Though not a large land, this region would later on be graced by the presence of the Lord Jesus, who would spend significant time around the Sea of Galilee (see Isaiah 9:1).

西羅非哈之女求產業

〈民數記〉27:5 於是摩西將她們的案件呈到耶和華面前。

全世界大概都有這個問題,從女權低落到女權高張,至今爭取女權的運動方興未艾。在以色列人中也有這個問題。

在〈民數記〉第廿六章裡講到以色列人第二次的核數,很奇妙的,在第46節出現了這樣的一句:「亞設的女兒名叫西拉」。當時被數的都是廿歲以上的男人,怎麼會把亞設的女兒放進去呢?莫非她是以色列的花木蘭?根據猶太人的百科,西拉是一位很長壽的女子,她長得非常美麗,並且十分有智慧,為以色列人解決了許多問題,深受拉比們的愛戴。她和雅各一起下埃及,又與摩西一起出埃及。因為她是亞設的養女,所以在雅各下埃及時,沒有把她算在家人之內;但是在出埃及入迦南時,他們特地把她的名字放進去,表示她也是以色列人的一份子。她的故事很有趣,但只記錄在猶太教對律法和倫理進行通俗闡述的宗教文獻《米示拿》Midrash裡,即猶太人的《聖經註釋》,以後有機會再跟大家分享。因為這是一個很特殊的例子,所以稍微解釋一下。今天要談到女權的問題,在只有數點廿歲以上的男子時,這西拉的出現正突顯了她的位置。

在猶太人的歷史中,有不少奇女子,而她們的故事也都被傳了下來,讓世人知道在神眼中,女人也是祂所看重的。這段經文的背景是,經過四十年在曠野的飄泊,以色列人終於準備進迦南,開始做分地的工作。此時瑪拿西支派裡有一個人名叫西羅非哈,他生了五個女兒,沒有兒子。和其他男人一樣,他死在曠野裡。這時他的女兒們發現了一個很嚴重的問題,她們竟然分不到一寸土地。那進了迦南之後,她們怎麼生存?她們必須見摩西,因為她們的族長無法為她們解決這樣的問題。

那時的婦女要見摩西是件大事,就好像要見當時的國王或總統,因為摩西是以色列人當時的領袖。我們若看以前的記錄,去見他的多是族長和領袖;在初期時他也為百姓解決紛爭,但是後來就有長老們分擔他的工作。因此這五個女兒走到會幕前,當著摩西和以利亞撒大祭司,及眾領袖和會眾前,把她們的問題交上去。

When You Are Badly Hurt

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Joshua 19:1-9.  Let’s go!

Joshua 19:1-9 (NIV) 
1  The second lot came out for the tribe of Simeon, clan by clan. Their inheritance lay within the territory of Judah.
2  It included: Beersheba (or Sheba), Moladah,
3  Hazar Shual, Balah, Ezem,
4  Eltolad, Bethul, Hormah,
5  Ziklag, Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susah,
6  Beth Lebaoth and Sharuhen–thirteen towns and their villages;
7  Ain, Rimmon, Ether and Ashan–four towns and their villages–
8  and all the villages around these towns as far as Baalath Beer (Ramah in the Negev). This was the inheritance of the tribe of the Simeonites, clan by clan.
9  The inheritance of the Simeonites was taken from the share of Judah, because Judah’s portion was more than they needed. So the Simeonites received their inheritance within the territory of Judah.

On verses 1-9:  These verses describe the land allotment given to the tribe of Simeon.  Notice that Simeon’s land allotment was taken from Judah’s portion (v9, also v1b).  Why is that?  Verse 9 gives one reason: “because Judah’s portion was more than they needed”.  What can we learn from this?  Whenever you have excess (more than you need), be wise and generous with that excess.  Don’t hoard it all for yourself but use it to serve others’ needs.

第二次核民數

〈民數記〉26:64      被數的人中,沒有一個是摩西和祭司亞倫從前在西奈的曠野所數的以色列人。

摩西特別指出,流便的後裔法路族的和可拉黨向摩西和亞倫挑釁,向耶和華爭鬧時,雖然有火燒滅了250個首領,但可拉的眾子並沒有死亡。可見神的審判不涉及無辜。在〈詩篇〉裡我們還可以看到有可拉或其後人的創作,他們的後人在聖殿的敬拜中也佔了相當的地位。

數算人數的目的之一是為了全迦南地分配迦南地的產業。雖然還沒有進到迦南,但神都凡事先做好準備:「人多的,要把產業多分給他們;人少的,要把產業少分給他們。要照被數的人數,把產業分給各人。」雖然如此,有時人數不相上下,怎麼辦?神要他們使用拈鬮分地。

俞建霈牧師在〈拈鬮分地的意義〉裡指出:「鬮」這字在希伯來文是goral。根據學者研究,這字的意思是「小石頭」,或「小圓石」。因為原初希伯來人用「小石頭」,或「小圓石」來作「鬮」或「籤」,goral這字就轉而用來指「鬮」或「籤」,進一步就是「得的分」, 「命定」,「運氣」,或「命運」。與這字相關的動詞有描述「投」 「擲」 「拋」 「丟」等動作的四個希伯來文動詞;還有「臨到」,「落到」, 「使..落下」的三個動詞,並一次是「賜下」。

按人來說,拈鬮是在於運氣,但神就是我們的運氣,在禱告之後,拈鬮的結果乃是照著祂的命定。神創造地時,關於美地的情形,祂有清楚的看見。譬如,祂很清楚,耶路撒冷和周圍地區是為著猶大,基督要從其中而出。這是豫先命定的,但仍必須藉著拈鬮而得以實現。神命定的手在拈鬮上指引其結果。這就是說,分地不在於約書亞、大祭司、或神以外的任何人。結果,各支派沒有理由埋怨所給他們那地的分。拈鬮分地的方法是公平的,這使每個人服氣。正如所羅門王在箴言裡說的:「掣籤能止息爭競,也能解散強盛的人。(箴18:18)」

When You Feel Small

Hi GAMErs,

Today’s passage is Joshua 18:21-28.  Let’s go!

Joshua 18:21-28 (NIV) 
21  The tribe of Benjamin, clan by clan, had the following cities: Jericho, Beth Hoglah, Emek Keziz, 
22  Beth Arabah, Zemaraim, Bethel, 
23  Avvim, Parah, Ophrah, 
24  Kephar Ammoni, Ophni and Geba–twelve towns and their villages. 
25  Gibeon, Ramah, Beeroth, 
26  Mizpah, Kephirah, Mozah, 
27  Rekem, Irpeel, Taralah, 
28  Zelah, Haeleph, the Jebusite city (that is, Jerusalem), Gibeah and Kiriath–fourteen towns and their villages. This was the inheritance of Benjamin for its clans.

On verses 21-28:  Here we get a list of the cities that were included in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received.  Benjamin was one of the smaller tribes of Israel and the amount of land it was given reflected its smaller size.  Yet notice that this small tribe was given “the Jebusite city (that is, Jerusalem)” (v28), which centuries later would become the capital and most important city in Israel.  Also, later on God would select Saul, the first king of Israel, from this land and this tribe of Benjamin, “the smallest tribe of Israel” (1 Samuel 9:21).   It’s a reminder to me that size is not necessarily an indicator of importance, and that God is able to use, honour and exalt you regardless of your size or background.